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The Las Marismas with the dunes of Doñana can be accessible through this town. These places are among the most significant natural areas of Europe. In here you can find a combination of the largest mobile dune system together with stable dunes. Of course, you ll also find some woodland and scrubs, some wetland (Marismas) and the hydrological transition areas which host a great wildlife and a beautiful natural landscape. The entire area is deemed a National Park and awarded as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The park covers a large area. It s location spreads along SW-Spain, Andalucia, with regions of Huelva and Cadiz . Its vast area spreads from Torre La Higuera towards the Guadalquivir or from Sanlucar de Barrameda in the south towards the El Rocio in the north. The National Park s dimension is vast with a 50 000 ha and an additional buffer zones ("preparque") that is of 23.000 ha. Most of the Park area is managed and owned by the State, around 55%, while 17% is a municipal property and 28% is private. Still, most of the area not owned by the state, around 18% is in the process of being purchased by the State. The peripheral buffer zones however are quite permanently, a private property.
Because of its huge size, the Park zones, as stated in the management plan is categorized in the following way:
- Special use zones which includes buildings, park facilities, hamlets, and etc. constitute 173ha.
- Moderate use zones such as visitors centers and traditional tracks have a share of 382ha.
- Restricted-use zones like the surroundings of visitor centers where people move around freely only have 100ha.
- The reserve zones like the closed areas with special access restricted to park managers and staff, private owners and their staff, researchers and authorized people gained 50,065ha of the total area.
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To trace back a little history, thousands of years ago the area was part of the bay until a dune spit began to develop. The Doñana is named after Doña Ana Gómez de Mendoza de Silva y de la Cerda who used to live in what is still known as the Palacio de Doñana . Of late, between 1980 and 1990 the area became under pressure of expanding due to tourist urbanizations in Matalascañas. It is also under threat of desiccation because of increasing agricultural irrigation along with a drinking water supply from tourism.
Before, the number of species in the National Park was estimated as follows: 29 mammals, 19 reptiles and 7 fish species. However, the migratory birds and the fish population decreased within the National Park and in the Guadalquivir during a natural disaster that happened. Examples of the park s bird species are: Great white heron, Stilt-avocet, Grey harrier, Bee-eater, Woodchat, White stork, Flamingo and species of gulls. As for the species of plants, there are around 750 found in the park which includes: capers, Ciliate heath, Marram grass, Cork oak, Camarina, Seablite, Glasswort, Sea club rush and Bulrush.
As for Visitor Centers, there are two that exist here: La Rocina , located just south to El Rocio and El Acebuche located at the departure of excursions. They are located in the SW-corner of the Park. Tel. +34 959 43 04 32 or +34 959 43 04 51.
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